the boiling point depends on the inter molecular forces. To learn more about alcohol structure, ether structure and phenol structure and other topics of chemistry, register with BYJU’S. And we know that the methanol is aliphatic -OH compound and the C-O bond having single bond character. (simple alcohols). Phenol structure is mainly attributed to two factors: Hence, C-O bond length in phenol is slightly less than that in methanol. Electrostatics: Basic introduction to charge, Classifiaction of haloalkanes and haloarenes, 1. In cresol (ortho or para cresol) ,methyl group is +I group,so it destabilises the anion formed after ionisation,hence cresol is less acidic than carbolic acid (phenol). Favorite Answer. Secondly, apart from the negative inductive effect (-I) of oxygen atom on the functional carbon of phenol (similar to that of methanol, by virtue of the difference in electronegativity between C and O atoms), there is also a positive conjugation effect (or +R; resonance effect) that results from the delocalisation of the lone pairs of oxygen with the loosely held π-electron cloud on the benzene skeleton. How does the caveman theory mesh with the out of africa theory? 2. 7. Based on Arrhenius’s Theory, acid is a species donating hydrogen ion whereas base is a species donating hydroxide ion. Your email address will not be published. The presence of this group in the ortho or para position decreases the electron density in the O-H bond. An ether molecule has a tetrahedral structure. what is the bond angle of phenol? 9. They have a sweet odour. Acidity of alcohol is primary alcohol>sec alcohol>tert alcohol. Phenol has lower dipole moment than alcohol. To understand why is it the way it is, let us focus on the C-O bond, in both the molecules, that lends them their polarity. Ph-Oh<============> PhO(-) + H(+). In case of the phenoxide ion, the negative charge on oxygen is stabilised by resonance effect of benzene ring. Just because the supernatural hasnt presented itself yet as obviously sinister doesnt mean it wont at some point? Hybridization of carbon to which oxygen atom of the hydroxyl group is The carbon atom attached to oxygen is sp. In phenol the oxygen atom donates its lone pair of electrons to the benzene ring thereby acquiring a positive charge whereas no such thing happens in alcohols. In this article, we will learn about alcohol structure, phenol structure, and other structure. COH bond angle in alcohol is less than tetrahedral angle of 109.50 .COC bond angle in ether is more than tetrahedral angle of 109.50. Partial double bond character due to the resonance in the aromatic ring because of a conjugated electron pair of oxygen. What part of the brain identifies an aesthetic as being cool. Have a look at the conjugate bases of alcohol and phenol i. e. alkoxide and phenoxide ion, R-OH <============> RO(-) + H(+) The organic compounds from a series, known as homologs series in which the successive compounds contain the same functional groups and differ from one another by a –CH2 group. The oxygen atoms have lone pair which comes in the conjugation with benzene ring and hence, the C-O bond will attains a partial double bond character. Due to the repulsion between the unshared electron pairs of oxygen, the bond angle of C-O-H bonds in alcohols is slightly less than the tetrahedral angle (109°-28′). Hence considering both electronic and steric factors, primary alkoxides are the most stable and tertiary alkoxides are the least stable, so primary alcohols are the most acidic and tertiary alcohols are the least acidic. In the case of alkoxide ion there is no electronic effect stabilising the negative charge of oxygen. A more stabilised alkoxide is a weaker conjugate base and hence the alcohol will be more acidic. And the bond length of double bond is always shorter than the bond length of single bond, so phenol have shorter bond length than methanol. In o-nitrophenol, the hydrogen bonds are associated with the adjacent nitro group. The nitro-group is an electron-withdrawing group. 8. para nitro phenol is less steam volatile than ortho nitro phenol. The C–O bond length in ether is almost the same as in alcohols. 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