0000014681 00000 n x��S�N1}_i�am�uR/��P�aK�� AMR�J�����lH�P����x�9s�awwpzx���C@�( RH'���ނ5(,̛�8�)8:=�d�*�GYT�*%J+�Ǡ�:���r�/;0+D'0!�� � ��W�O8����xZ_4���a�z o���9�ժ�n�N߷�-�.���+p�uK�R��͆�Jk|����U��|0&J#0>'�2y���wJz���H�۲�ʀ��8��mM�5�,��R�CK������@�NFa���MYX��d, Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. ;���j�,o�����Wi�r��zЀ�X� 4 0 obj 0000134206 00000 n %���� 0000004650 00000 n The annual mean concentrations of ∑12NBFRs showed a significantly negative correlation with the frequency of east-southeast (ESE, 112.5°) wind and calm wind (~0 m s−1) (p < 0.05), and a significantly positive correlation with the frequency of wind from northwest interval (west to north-northwest, 270° to 337.5°) (p < 0.05), suggesting a significant effect of air mass from the ocean area. <]>> 1. ����� J��<�����8Y���Y��荝�����SsC���4'�2��3:� ��y��{�1E�ߊF�X�P��.�l=r|�)hO���g�H�]g�؞��f� <> Many different BFRs are produced synthetically with widely varying chemical properties. 0000134637 00000 n Twelve NBFRs can be detected in the Antarctic atmosphere from 2011 to 2018. endobj BFRs are currently the largest marketed flame retardant group due to their high performance efficiency and low cost. 0000108447 00000 n Introduction. $.' 0000120102 00000 n 0000129286 00000 n Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) have extensively been added into plastic goods, foams, resins, textiles and so forth for the last decades (Covaci et al., 2011; McGrath et al., 2017).Environmental monitoring studies have shown that many traditional BFRs including hexabromobiphenyl (HBB), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD), tetrabromodiphenyl ether, … <> �x@8`�h�uqq���"�� ( ���Pe�`��0�0��0݌".��p����M`V0)�XLJ˔����jAnj�0�� �`@�p�h��| 1 ��LÐt[ |�b$B;������ی��&.�AtJ[L� ZpZ�@�X5\��,���� ȠŠ� � [�ZCn? ���� JFIF � � �� C <> %PDF-1.5 %���� 0000135327 00000 n 0000022056 00000 n 0000006587 00000 n 0000021755 00000 n Download : Download high-res image (287KB)Download : Download full-size image. The gas/particle partitioning models were employed to evaluate the environmental behavior of NBFRs. ��5��B��}��ȩѫ��! <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 962.76 541.56] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Novel brominated flame retardants in West Antarctic atmosphere (2011–2018): Temporal trends, sources and chiral signature. An increasing trend was found for DBDPE over eight years. ��B���c���ञ] kf��O���Hy��Y�#�O�Έ֌�0ؚ�`~;���ܲe3���O&W˫;�iܐ[#��at�5����Y��3��3�w�Xw��ٺ@[�z�>�;�����u�hZQ����M"�9 $�;6�U`����6�)���i/�d�J�0�GcT�]�J���k���ֶ�)�Q�����֪ &����0�3�Q��I����p���� )���+�f鼤�kdž�/"�Bd�2�^ٖ�Gٞ��?���7��6gMz�]�=ݷO�d~���JA��)��hZ�(\_��f�p��4 0000002893 00000 n ��JNM! By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. Compared to the equilibrium-state-based model, the steady-state-based model performed much better to predict the gas/particle partitioning of NBFRs in the West Antarctic atmosphere. 0000018035 00000 n Furthermore, the chiral signature of NBFRs showed commonly non-racemic residue in the atmosphere. 0000002348 00000 n jK-����2�J!�Hc`�����*�����%n�\���UN~9�4cj�d�;Y4��}�N�|������n�d�3⧧�Z�)���b:����̢E�����i�ȥ|�28���l ��tdy��)gA���+���c��N���5g�i�-J~>Q�ai����������X7�IĽ�����og���z˪�5Y^ʁ0t/_2�W/��'�@�Ϊ���������� @ Chlorine and bromine are the only halogens used as flame retardants in synthetic materi- als, especially plastics, with bromine being a more effective retardant, costing less, … 0000002666 00000 n In the commercial market, more than 75 different BFRs are recognized. ���:�$�HKK�� v4 ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ����u {�~ [4�m�_�vC��"1�+8$�Z�XS0��5 �fFg.V�LD��0,`hbPo0rh`�8º�q�^s/����r�ق�C �.�H��d��M���1�Z�����i�`X���{�Aw?�F OQ��X�nau�3L1(��ff`` ��Ne`?��\1� )� xref stream The enantiomer fractions (EF) of rac-(1R,2R)-1,2-dibromo-(4S)-4-((1R)-1,2-dibromoethly)cyclohexane (α-TBECH) and β-TBCO were 0.115–0.962 and 0.281–0.795, revealing secondary sources of NBFRs, e.g., seawater-air exchange and/or non-racemic residue in the source regions. Most of the studied NBFRs tended to distribute in gaseous phase with an average ratio of 72 ± 16% while NBFRs with higher log KOA values had higher proportions in particle phase. ,k�����K�͏`T��i�l|�� �J�*d,��/H���S ���-��5��`������Ehh&�,��ev���f�h�C�9���3]��\s�k�3�8d$EvT� 0000000936 00000 n endobj 163 0 obj<> endobj x�b```b``�e`2��@���������D��J���&���{�3�E?�1�:�{�� 0000014289 00000 n 0000019638 00000 n stream https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137557. 5 0 obj %PDF-1.5 As far as we know, this is one of very few studies on NBFRs in the Antarctic atmosphere. �h��Io��5����N����Z��qO&�b���� �fEĔW` 3~>�������_�� �P © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Reactive and polymeric brominated flame retardants Applications 10 Brominated Additives as Flame Retardants – December 7, 2018 Polymer Technology Products Polyamides, PET Polybromostyrene ® Polybromophenyleneoxide ® Firemaster PBS64-HW, Uniplex FRP-64, Firemaster CP44-HF, PDBS-80 Polycarbonate, PC/ABS Carbonate Oligomer BC-52, BC-58 PBT H��WM�]5��_�5�db'��--�@b]�@l�*`^�) �>�v�}oi:]�j��q��>�H��F��������+���n�)�i.���B��v��-�wA�@���\mi����=��W3�BIjIW�����~�g�A2���\[��`= �,�:)]�\��v�|*y���4%�T|I�mU2����S�%�6�����֎����Y�C۹y����pO���Α�{N�_�Xz'��)������ �T�"�F]&>EG���7����#Q�7!ߧ�)�������>G��;��뾔B�s�Q�Na��gMvјc�Z���a�r~*�gid)�W}����im������ startxref 0000012228 00000 n 0000002247 00000 n 0000113971 00000 n Decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) was the predominant NBFR with a relative contribution of 50% on average. %%EOF 33��{\r�#���1����c��p}�%_��7�c�ҙ�8�9`5���e��ә8l�����D���a����f��,3��8}fj�՜+��"�B)���:�J�fMQ ����z�����Wψϳ�i�1aA�¤�@e��լǃVF�J��Xw�(T[�0����3��&J�h�� �����ꐝM_�J�&~ә9/�Ӕ�~�S��������ou�ɮ�//)�����>_��C��ݳ�Z�(tB�ܴ���_N7���d���pQ�j�vay��NG�GnJ���zF|�G��W�FƔ�f>�` �/ȹ�aњm�wUە[d�S�