All authors contributed to the data analysis and interpretation of the results through discussion. FT-IR and Raman spectra for polycrystalline powders of silver (I, III) oxide, AgO, and silver (I) oxide, Ag 2 O, are reported. 7, 11143, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11143 (2016). Phys. 6(b)). Reproduced material should be attributed as follows: If the material has been adapted instead of reproduced from the original RSC publication
50, 226–228 (2009). 49, 2875–2880 (2008). The transformation of AgO to Ag2O occurred with heating in the 373–473 K region, while the product of
The thermal decomposition of silver (I, III) oxide: A combined XRD, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopic study. Trans. Lai, S. L., Guo, J. Y., Petrova, V., Ramanath, G. & Allen, L. H. Size-Dependent Melting Properties of Small Tin Particles: Nanocalorimetric Measurements. However, very little is known about the bonding morphology between the Ag and Si-materials as they have the high covalent properties, which requires surface pre-treatments even when using the AgNP joining process4,16. Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. The thermal characteristics of the Ag2O paste were measured by performing differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) (Rigaku TG8120) at a heating rate of 60 °C/min in air. Go to our
Figure 2 shows the shear strength of the joint between Au and Si-materials bonded by the sintering of Ag derived from the decomposition of Ag2O. Phys. Since thermal decomposition occurs with a peak at around 400 °C, Ag should be present with a varying concentration distribution in the silicon oxide layer, corresponding to the observed experimental results. Mater. formally request permission using Copyright Clearance Center. Films 45, 159–168 (1977). with the reproduced material. Various processes are typically used to achieve AgNPs inside silicon oxide, e.g. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Mater. J. Appl. The interfacial microstructure between the sintered Ag layer and the Si-materials was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM; JEOL JEM-2100F) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Therefore, the growth of silicon oxide occurs not at the surface but either inside the layer or at the interface of the Si-material/silicon oxide. Interface between (e) Si and Ag and (f) SiC and Ag bonded at 500 °C. Horváth, B., Kawakita, J. Article The fracture in the Si and SiC joints occurred in the sintered Ag layer for almost all bonding temperatures, except for 500 °C, where it occurred in the Si substrate in the Si joint and at the SiC/Ag interface for the SiC joint. Cattaruzza, E., Gonella, F., Ali, S., Sada, C. & Quaranta, A. In the case of a thin silicon oxide layer (below 20–30 nm), Si atoms emitted from the substrate couple with oxygen near the surface of silicon oxide, which causes fast oxidation. Silver and gold doping of SiO2 glass by solid-state field-assisted diffusion. Deal, B. E. & Grove, A. S. General Relationship for the Thermal oxidation of Silicon. It was also shown that the diffusion of metallic ions into SiO2 is facilitated under an electric field24,25. Mag. Therefore, the above mechanism (i) would be possible as the initial mechanism for the formation of interfacial structure since the oxidation of Si by Ag2O at the surface of silicon oxide can occur up to 20–30 nm. Song, Y., Dhar, S., Feldman, L. C., Chung, G. & Williams, J. R. Modified Deal Grove model for the thermal oxidation of silicon carbide. Stresses and silicon interstitials during the oxidation of a silicon substrate. 1(d,e)). Mater. CAS Silver oxide decomposition mediated direct bonding of silicon-based materials, $${{\rm{2Ag}}}_{2}{\rm{O}}({\rm{s}})\to \mathrm{4Ag}({\rm{s}})+{{\rm{O}}}_{{\rm{2}}}({\rm{g}})$$, $${{\rm{2Ag}}}_{2}{\rm{O}}({\rm{s}})+{\rm{Si}}\to \mathrm{4Ag}({\rm{s}})+{{\rm{SiO}}}_{2}({\rm{s}})$$, $${R}_{PB}={V}_{{\rm{oxide}}}/{V}_{{\rm{metal}}}={M}_{{\rm{oxide}}}\cdot {\rho }_{{\rm{metal}}}/n\cdot {M}_{{\rm{metal}}}\cdot {\rho }_{{\rm{oxide}}}$$. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. Res. Soc. Since the oxidation reaction of Si by Ag2O involves the production of Ag and SiO2, Ag could be confined by the produced SiO2 on the native oxide at atomic scale. and you may need to create a new Wiley Online Library account. J. Appl. Investigation of rare earth-doped BiAg high-temperature solders. Authors contributing to RSC publications (journal articles, books or book chapters)
Technol. For the potential functions, Generalized Embedded Atom potential (Ag–Ag), Morse potential (Si–O), and ME3Organic potential (Ag–N, Ag–O and Ag–Si), which are included in the MD software package, were used. Nanocrystals as Stoichiometric Reagents with Unique Surface Chemistry. Many studies have been conducted on the diffusivity of Ag into SiO2 and the adhesion between these materials17,18,19,20,21,22,23. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-28788-x, Thermal stability and characteristic properties of pressureless sintered Ag layers formed with Ag nanoparticles for power device applications, Facile sonochemical synthesis of Ag2O-guar gum nanocomposite as a visible light photocatalyst for the organic transformation reactions, Lowering bonding temperature for silver sintering to silicon and silicon carbide using silver oxide decomposition, Temperature Dependence on Tensile Mechanical Properties of Sintered Silver Film, MOF-derived 1D hollow bimetallic iron(iii) oxide nanorods: effects of metal-addition on phase transition, morphology and magnetic properties. 103, 026101 (2008). Reliab. B. et al. A silicon oxide (i.e. All images have the same magnification. The mixture was processed to form a Ag2O paste for bonding using a planetary centrifugal mixer (Thinky AR-100). Google Scholar. . Phatangare, A. 4; d values were r, 2r, and 3r where r is the Ag atomic radius. 215, 299–308 (2015). In particular, a typical bonding mechanism of Ag to Al2O3 was suggested; Ag ions temporarily generated during the redox reaction attach to the Al2O3 surface, leading to the formation of an initial Ag layer that facilitates the sintering of the AgNPs. Relevance. 36, 3770–3778 (1965). J. Phys. Chem. Learn more. If you do not receive an email within 10 minutes, your email address may not be registered, 4(e,f), respectively) were distinctly different from those bonded at 300 °C.