It is significantly an important sector for industrial development in industrialized and developing countries. The author declares no conflict of interest in writing this chapter. Therefore, the man-made fiber manufacturing is not discussed. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. Fixation of dyestuff in fabric or garment should be significantly fast during the service life to provide resistance and durability against washing, heat, chemicals, soaping, rubbing, sunlight, etc. Natural fibers are produced with natural impurities that were removed from the yarn in subsequent pretreatment processes. Cotton, wool, and silk were the important natural fibers for human clothing articles, where cotton for its outstanding properties and versatile utilization was known as the King Cotton. Many detailed actions needed to be executed; this caused a production trend of large volume but less variety [2] . Yarn manufacturing using cotton fibers through a sequence of processing stages may be shown by process flow diagram (Figure 4) [8]. It’s based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. Consequently, standards and regulations are evolved to limit or eliminate the environmental depreciation. Textile Manufacturing Process: Clothing is the basic human need. Water, energy and chemicals consumption in main processing sections of textile industry. ClothTech—sun shade, parachute fabric, sewing threads, interlinings, etc. Garment design and manufacturing is the combination of art and technology. The dyeing method used can be continuous, semicontinuous, and batching. Dyeing of textile substrate is performed using any of the dyestuff including reactive, direct, sulfur, vat, pigment, acid, and disperse, depending upon the dye-fiber system compatibility. Special finishing effects are required in textile fibers. If the processes continue in similar situation till 2030, the indicated water, gas and waste hazard will increase by at least 50% [20]. Textile manufacturing or production is a very complex process. may require a series of chemical processing to reduce the undesired content from the fiber. How? It has a characteristic of accommodating the body contour and provided the ease of movement. Washing of the dyed fabric and the discharge of dye effluent may release 10–50% of dyestuff to the environment [13], and that is the environmental concern associated with the dyeing process. DETOX TO ZERO by OEKO-TEX® is the standard to evaluate the chemical management system in the textile chain coupled with the waste water and sludge quality disposed to environment by a textile unit. In 2016, the yarn and fabric market was valued at USD 748.1 billion, where the fabric product was more in consumption and contributed 83.7% and the yarn product was at 16.3%. An estimation of the undesired effects to environment associated with the major processing units of textile industry can be presented based on the amount of consumption of chemicals, water and energy used. The range of textile manufacturing … The selection of garment design, including computer-aided design, spreading, cutting, and sewing; joining techniques; and seamless garment construction are beneficial in meeting the consumer needs. OekoTech or EcoTech (textiles in environment protection)—erosion protection, air cleaning, prevention of water pollution, waste treatment/recycling, etc. PackTech—tea bags, wrapping fabrics, jute sacks, etc. Toxic gaseous emission from textile processing is estimated to 1715 million tons of CO2, and material waste is 92 million. 219 0 obj
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Over 50% supply of the special finishing agents is indicated to be through five major chemical companies including Dow Chemical Company; Bayer AG; BASF SE; Sumitomo Chemicals Co., Ltd.; and Huntsman International LLC. The functional attributes of textile fibers are limited. However, considering the textile fiber as the basic building unit of any textile product, the textile manufacturing may clearly be identified as the conventional and technical textiles. Peter described the yarn production technology in combination with the economics [11]. China and India will remain the leading countries to experience this growth. An important example is Oeko-Tex Series of Standards that may be briefly described as follows [22]: STANDARD 100 by OEKO-TEX: It may be described as an independent testing and certification system for raw, semi-finished, and finished textile products through all the processing stages. It is indicated to have the highest revenue growth rate of 4.67% from 2019 to 2025. are the important properties of cotton to remain an important textile fiber in the market.